Understanding Periodontal Disease and Its Risks
The word periodontal means “around the tooth”. Periodontal disease attacks the gums and the bone that support the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. If plaque is not removed, it turns into calculus (tartar). When plaque and calculus are not removed, they begin to destroy the gums and bone. Periodontal disease is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it! Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages.
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
- Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss.
- Loose teeth – Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers (fibers that support the tooth to the bone).
- New spacing between teeth – Caused by bone loss.
- Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth.
- Pus around the teeth and gums – Sign that there is an infection present.
- Receding gums – Loss of gum around a tooth.
- Red and puffy gums – Gums should never be red or swollen.
- Tenderness or Discomfort – Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.
The Link Between Periodontal Disease and General Health
Research has shown that periodontal disease isn't just confined to the mouth. The bacteria from gum infections can enter the bloodstream and contribute to other serious health conditions. For example, untreated periodontal disease has been linked to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and respiratory issues like bacterial pneumonia. Additionally, periodontal disease can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as premature birth and low birth weight.
The connection between oral health and overall health is becoming more recognized, making it even more critical to stay on top of your dental hygiene and seek professional care when necessary.
Preventing Periodontal Disease
Preventing periodontal disease is possible with diligent care. Here are some essential steps:
- Brush and floss regularly: Brushing twice a day and flossing at least once a day helps remove plaque and prevent tartar buildup.
- Regular dental visits: Professional cleanings and checkups are essential for keeping your teeth and gums healthy and catching any issues early on.
- Eat a balanced diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low in sugars helps support healthy gums and teeth.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking is one of the leading risk factors for developing periodontal disease, as it weakens your immune system and reduces blood flow to your gums.
- Manage existing health conditions: Conditions like diabetes can make you more susceptible to periodontal disease, so managing your health conditions effectively is crucial for your overall well-being.
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
If you notice any signs of periodontal disease, don’t delay seeking treatment. Early intervention can prevent further damage and complications. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the disease, but common methods include:
- Scaling and root planning: A deep cleaning procedure that removes tartar and plaque from below the gum line.
- Antibiotics: These may be prescribed to help control infection and inflammation.
- Surgical procedures: In more advanced stages, procedures like flap surgery or bone grafts may be required to restore lost tissue and bone structure.
By recognizing the early signs and staying proactive about your oral health, you can prevent the progression of periodontal disease and maintain a healthy smile for years to come.
If you're experiencing symptoms of periodontal disease, schedule a consultation with your dentist today to discuss your treatment options and protect both your oral and overall health.
